Interacciones

Psychological practices based on evidence and health

Diego Torres-Marruffo — 2024-09-23

Editorial.

Psychometric evidence of the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in university students from Lambayeque-Peru

Katy Mendoza Flores — 2024-03-02

Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) is a key skill for the personal and academic development of university students. Therefore, it is appropriate to have relevant instruments to measure this construct. Objective: This study aims to analyze the evidence of validity and reliability of the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) in university students in the region of Lambayeque, Peru. Method: Our study has an instrumental design. We applied a virtual questionnaire distributed in social networks to 317 university students (124 males and 193 females) from different professional careers, aged between 18 and 30 years (M=20.3; SD=2.7). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed (WLSMV estimator), and internal consistency was assessed. Result: We found four correlated factors, higher order, and bifactor, the first being the one with the best-fit indices: X2(98) = 262.63, p < .001, CFI = .97, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .07 [CI 90%; .06 - .08], SRMR = .04 and WRMR = .91. Internal consistency results using the omega coefficient are ωSEA = .81, ωOEA= .79, ωUOE= .84 and ωROE = .85. Conclusion: The WLEIS in university students in the Lambayeque region of Peru has sufficient evidence of validity and reliability to guarantee the relevance of its application.

Presentation of the Multidimensional Couple: Socioemotional Impact Scale

Raúl Medina Centeno — 2024-03-25

Introduction: A systemic instrument is presented to measure the socioemotional network in relation to the partner and the person's perception of the impact of this intimate network on his or her partner for his or her classification. It is based on the idea that a nurtured social network brings positive benefits to one's nuclear partner. In order to verify this assumption both in research and in clinical practice, it is necessary to construct a complex instrument that allows reaching different dimensions within and outside the couple. Objective: The study seeks the construction and validation of the Multidimensional Couple scale to measure seven dimensions in the couple: emotional, cognitive, physical interest, protection, trust, respect and power, as well as an additional dimension to classify the type of couple. Method: An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (CFA) were carried out to test the psychometric properties and the adequacy to the theoretical model. A total of 1149 people (71.5% women and 28% men) living in Mexico participated. Result: The presence of a scale formed by 7 dimensions in the couple and a second order factor is confirmed, which can be applied both by adjusting the answers to the couple itself and to other people different from the couple. The goodness-of-fit and reliability indices are satisfactory. Conclusion: This scale provides a psychometric instrument that allows the study of the relationship between the couple.

Psychometric properties comparison among diverse versions of the invalidation childhood environmental scale (ICES) in Peruvian adults

Alvaro Okumura-Clark — 2024-09-11

Introduction: The current tendency regarding psychometric assessment is to use brief versions of measurement tools. Objective: The present study sought to compare the psychometric properties of various versions in the length of the Invalidating Children Environment Scale (ICES). Method: Three hundred and twelve Peruvian university students participated as a sample. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and internal consistency was considered the reliability method. Results: The proposal with the best-fit indices was the brief version with nine items compared to the original version (14 items). Adequate internal consistency coefficients were determined for the scale factors. Finally, convergent and divergent validity were obtained through significant associations with the constructs of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Various versions of the ICES comply with current psychometric standards, and the brief version of nine items is the most recommended.

Psychometric properties of the Conflict Management Styles Scale in family and friendship contexts for university students

Eddy Wilmar Aquize Anco — 2024-12-31

Introduction: The style of coping with interpersonal conflicts significantly influences the consolidation or deterioration of friendships and family relationships. Therefore, it is essential to have instruments with adequate psychometric evidence to evaluate this coping style. Objective: This study aims to develop the Conflict Management Styles Scale (EMCO) for friendship and family contexts and to determine its validity based on content, construct, reliability, and equivalence through metric invariance across genders. Method: An instrumental study was conducted with 493 university students aged 18 to 43 years (M = 21, SD = 2.9), comprising 67.7% women and 32.3% men. A review by expert judges was performed, followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with oblique rotation for both subscales and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the WLSMV method with standard and robust indices. Internal consistency and metric invariance across genders were also assessed. Results: Regarding content validity, all initial items demonstrated adequate validity. In the EFA, both subscales yielded a five-factor solution, consistent with the CFA results. In the latter analysis, the "family" subscale achieved fit indices of CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.975, SRMR = 0.064, and RMSEA = 0.061 [90% CI 0.056–0.065], while the "friends" subscale obtained CFI = 0.964, TLI = 0.962, SRMR = 0.072, and RMSEA = 0.068 [90% CI 0.065–0.072]. In terms of reliability, the "family" subscale showed ω = 0.856 and α = 0.845, and the "friends" subscale obtained ω = 0.879 and α = 0.877. Additionally, structural equivalence between men and women was demonstrated through metric invariance. Conclusion: The EMCO scale is concluded to present adequate evidence of content validity, construct validity, and reliability for assessing conflict management styles in university students.

Attachment and mental health in families of native people: A cross-sectional study

Jhonny Bautista Valdivia — 2024-12-31

Background: Globally, 13% of children experience a mental disorder. Mental health problems in infancy are closely related to attachment, which serves as the primary bond within the family and forms the basis for personality development and mental health. In Mexico, research on infant mental health is limited. Objective: To determine the relationship between attachment styles and family mental health in indigenous populations from the southern Huasteca region of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical, and correlational study. The study utilized the Reporting Questionnaire for Children (RQC), Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ), Attachment Styles Classification Questionnaire (ASCQ), and Mental Health in Primary Care (MHQPHC). Results: The sample included 179 families with children aged 6 to 12. Sampling was conducted by appointment, selecting 35 families per locality; 58% of participants belonged to Indigenous communities, 92% were Nahuatl, and 2% were Tenek. Families from indigenous communities showed higher levels of avoidant attachment. Also, a significant relationship was identified between avoidant attachment and child mental health. A strong association was observed between the mental health of parents and children. Conclusions: Indigenous families experience disruptions in secure attachment processes due to migratory labor demands, leading to avoidant attachment styles.

Prevalence of domestic violence among health center users: a retrospective longitudinal analysis

Marjorie Cristel Fernandez-Mamani — 2024-12-31

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of domestic violence among users of a health center through a retrospective longitudinal analysis by age groups and gender. Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study based on data obtained from a health center in Pichari, Cusco, Peru. The sample obtained was 13,040 users of the Comprehensive Health Insurance (SIS) by non-probabilistic sampling. The evaluation was carried out using the Domestic Violence Screening Form (VIF) of the Ministry of Health (MINSA). Results: We found that children and older people have higher survival rates regarding domestic violence, the cumulative risk of domestic violence over time at different stages of development is highest in adolescence, followed by the young stage. Likewise, the cumulative risk is consistently higher for the female gender. Conclusions: Domestic violence presents a higher risk in adolescents, young people, and women. These findings highlight the urgent need to implement concrete measures to address this problem, such as prevention programs, mental health education, and strengthening support and care services for victims and their families.

Psychometric properties of the sexual machismo scale (EMS-SEXISMO-12) in adults

Esther Gonzales Ortiz — 2024-12-31

Introduction: Machismo is explained as the system of beliefs, attitudes and behaviors based on the polarization of the sexes and the superiority of the male gender. In the sexual sphere, it is the control that is exercised over a woman in relation to the expression of her sexuality under what is considered acceptable. Therefore, it is considered convenient to have instruments to measure this variable. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the psychometric characteristics of the sexual machismo scale (Ems-sexismo-12) in adults. Method: The methodology used was of an applied nature, with a non-experimental approach and instrumental design, applying the instrument to a sample made up of 530 adults (M=308 and F=222) aged between 18 and 65 years, obtained through non-probabilistic sampling by quotas of the districts of Piura. The content validity, confirmatory factor analysis (WLSMV estimator), internal consistency and reliability of the scale were evaluated. Results: The results showed content validity in the items (Aiken's V > .70). For its part, after the confirmatory factor analysis, a unidimensional structure was revealed with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices (CFI = .96; TLI = .95; RMSEA = .08; SRMR = .06). Likewise, reliability is evidenced with acceptable values (ω = .83). Conclusion: The EMS-12 scale proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for adults.

Alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms as predictive factors of risk behaviors in urban transport drivers

Maribel Lizbeth Yana-Yana — 2024-12-31

Background: In Peru, there are alarming statistics regarding traffic accidents caused by drivers under the influence of alcohol and emotional problems. Objective: This study aimed to identify whether alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms are predictors of the perception of risky behaviors in drivers. Method: The methodology followed a quantitative approach with a predictive scope, non-experimental design, and cross-sectional study. A non-probabilistic sample of 310 drivers aged 18 to 54 years was used, of whom 95% were male. The study utilized the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Aversion to Risk Taking Scale to assess the participants. Results: Four out of 10 drivers exhibited depressive symptoms, and 7 out of 10 presented alcohol consumption issues. Regarding linear regression, an increase in alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms predicted 48.3% of the variance in the perception of risky driving behaviors. Conclusion: It is concluded that increased depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption are predictors of a decreased perception of risky driving behaviors. Future studies could implement interventions aimed at reducing risky behaviors by addressing depression and alcohol dependency in drivers.

The impact of harmonious parent-child relationships on the development of psychological well-being and personality resilience: a qualitative study in healthcare professionals

Liana Spytska — 2024-12-31

Introduction: The relationship between parents and children is the foundation of family life, which determines the mental and emotional well-being of each family member. Therefore, understanding the impact of harmonious relationships on personal development is important and relevant to society, as it can have far-reaching consequences for the quality of life. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how harmonious relationships between parents and children affect the child’s mental health, specifically from the perspective of healthcare workers. Method: Qualitative and quantitative methods, including systematization, synthesis, analysis, and interviews, were employed in the study. Data were collected through interviews with parents and children, as well as through an analysis of scientific literature and clinical cases. Result: It was found that close relationships between parents and children play a key role in the development of adolescents’ self-esteem. The quality of these relationships is determined by mutual understanding, support, and trust. Interaction with parents contributes to the psychological growth and positive self-image of children. It was also found that having free time with parents contributes to a more profound emotional connection and understanding. The study confirmed the importance of harmonious parent-child relationships for the mental well-being of children. The results of an interview with 100 mental health professionals confirmed the effectiveness of strategies such as emotional support, joint activities, setting clear boundaries, and others in establishing positive relationships between parents and children. The study found that family therapy, play therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and parental psychological education are effective methods for stimulating harmonious relationships between parents and children. Conclusion: These approaches promote the child’s mental well-being and contribute to a better understanding of their needs and emotions. The findings can be used to develop and implement intervention and support programmes for parents to improve their relationships with their children.

Affective Behavioral Disturbances: An Interbehavioral Analysis

Claudio Carpio — 2024-05-25

Background: The progress of any science, such as psychology, is achieved not only by accumulating empirical evidence but also by refining the conceptual structures that give theoretical meaning to such evidence. Objective: To analyze the concept of mental health and the logical-conceptual structure that supports it, describing its limitations and contradictions. Alternatively, based on the postulates of interbehavioral psychology, the concept of affective behavioral changes is proposed, and a classification of these changes is developed, based on the functional quality of the disturbed behavior. Method: This research is a theoretical study. Conclusions: Dualistic traditions in psychology have pathologized affective behavioral alterations as if they were diseases (mental or brain). The interbehavioral postulation outlined here is a conceptual alternative that can support theoretical and methodological developments that improve the position and contribution of psychology to theorizing and solving human problems in the field of health.

Therapeutic models in positive clinical interventions for reducing depressive symptoms in adults: a systematic review

Daniel Sánchez-Cisneros — 2024-07-24

Background: Depression is currently one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. Although there are valuable and effective psychotherapeutic models for its treatment, most focus on reducing symptoms and illness. In contrast, the Positive Psychology approach promotes well-being by developing and implementing strategies, called Positive Clinical Interventions (PCIs) that aim to enhance the development and satisfaction of individuals to promote health, quality of life, and excellence. Methods: This review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of PCIs according to the type and therapeutic model implemented to increase well-being and reduce depressive symptoms in adults, as well as to identify their value and balance between innovation and effectiveness. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO and SCOPUS, followed the PRISMA guidelines and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. Our review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024551678). Results: The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP), which allowed six studies out of 178 to be included in the systematic review. Second and third-generation treatment models were identified. All studies reported an improvement in depressive symptoms and an increase in well-being immediately after the intervention and up to six months later. Conclusions: According to the results, PCIs are effective, but studies with more rigorous protocols and methods are needed to avoid bias.

Effectiveness of functional communication training in the regulation of self-injurious behavior in children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: an empty systematic review

Franco Tejada-Flores — 2024-10-23

Background: Self-injurious behaviors are highly prevalent in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), occurring frequently in those with associated intellectual disabilities as well as in those without intellectual impairment. Single-case studies have found that functional communication training helps regulate self-injurious behaviors and repetitive behaviors, particularly in children with ASD. However, no review identifies whether there is experimental evidence to support the use of this treatment. Objective: Our review aims to determine the efficacy of functional communication training for regulating self-injurious behavior in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD. Methods: A systematic review was conducted.PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for single-case experimental studies and randomized clinical trials. Results: A total of 67 studies were initially identified, of which 16 remained eligible after duplicate elimination and selection based on title and abstract. However, a thorough review of each text revealed that some needed to meet the inclusion criteria or had exclusionary elements. Therefore, they did not qualify for the next stage of the process. As a result, no publications were found that provided robust evidence to support the efficacy of functional communication training in regulating self-injurious behaviors in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD. However, four publications met the secondary objective of identifying relationships between the proposed variables and presenting variations of the proposed intervention prototype. The quality of these publications was assessed and discussed according to the transparency recommendations of the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care guideline for reporting reviews without eligible or empty studies and the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for more research in this area, given the harmfulness and self-injurious behaviors, in addition to their high incidence in individuals diagnosed with ASD. This study's results help identify existing knowledge gaps and suggest new directions for research in this area.

Ten years of the Inventory of Family Integration (IFI)

Walter L Arias Gallegos — 2024-12-30

Background: In Peru, various instruments have been validated to evaluate variables associated with the family, but until recently there was no psychological test aimed at evaluating the family that had been created in the country. This study presents the psychometric development and applications of the Inventory of Family Integration (IFI) after ten years of construction, and this being the first and only instrument created in Peru that evaluates the family. Method: This research is a theoretical study. Results: It starts first from the review of the theoretical assumptions on which the instrument rests based on the construct of family integration that is inspired by the systemic family approach. Then, the studies carried out on the psychometric properties of the IFI are presented in chronological order, from its construction in 2013 to the recently published dyadic analysis in fathers and mothers. Finally, the planning of future psychometric research with this instrument is explained in a new stage of applied explorations in the field of psychometrics and the family, both nationally and internationally. Conclusions: The IFI has proven to be a robust and consistent instrument for assessing family integration, but its psychometric properties still need to be evaluated at national and international levels.

Reduction of craving in an adolescent in residential treatment for addictions through a brief intervention: A case study

Yancarlo Lizandro Ojeda Aguilar — 2024-05-04

Introduction: Craving refers to a subjective desire to consume substances. It has been found that craving is one of the best predictors of relapse, so it is important to address it during addiction treatment. The Brief Intervention Program for Adolescents (PIBA) has been shown to be effective in reducing drug consumption patterns, increasing self-efficacy to deal with consumption situations, and reducing problems associated with consumption in adolescents who are in middle or high school schools, as well as in outpatient addiction care institutions. However, the effectiveness of this program has not been tested with adolescents in residential treatment or in reducing craving. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of PIBA in reducing craving and increasing self-efficacy in a female adolescent who was in a residential center. Method: A single-case design was applied, consisting of the treatment and a follow-up at four months, intentional and non-probabilistic, with a 16-year-old female adolescent. Result: A reduction in craving was found throughout the treatment and maintained during the follow-up, as well as an increase in self-efficacy. Conclusion: These findings extend the effectiveness of PIBA to addiction components and populations not previously explored, suggesting that PIBA may be an alternative to work with these components and populations.