Translation and psychometrical properties of Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) in Peruvian young people and adults
Abstract
Background: The overall aim of the study was to translate into Spanish and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Method: The sample was composed of 622 Peruvian young people and adults who answered CAS. The structural evaluation was conducted with confirmatory factor analysis. Factorial invariance was used to verify the equivalence by sex and age. Results: The unifactorial model revealed good fit indexes χ²(5) = 12.40, CFI = .998, TLI = .996, RMSEA = .049, SRMR = .033. Also, the internal consistency using McDonald´s Omega coefficient was high (ω > .80). The factorial invariance indicated that the unifactorial structure is stable according to age. Conclusion: The Peruvian version of the CAS has evidence to be considered an accurate, valid, and invariant measure and the results support the unifactorial model.
Downloads
References
Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5ta ed.). Washington, D.C.: APA
Arpaci, I., Karataş, K., & Baloğlu, M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences. Publicación anticipada en línea. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108
Banco Mundial (2020). La economía en los tiempos del COVID-19. Recuperado de https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33555/211570SP.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y
Barlow, D. H. (1991). Disorders of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 2(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0201_15
Barrera-Barrera, R., Navarro-García, A., & Peris-Ortiz, M. (2015). El papel de la invarianza factorial en la validación del constructo calidad de servicio electrónico. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 24, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redee.2014.07.001
Broche-Pérez, Y., Fernández-Fleites, Z., Jiménez-Puig, E., Fernández-Castillo, E., & Rodríguez-Martin, B. C. (2020). Gender and Fear of COVID-19 in a Cuban Population Sample. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Publicación anticipada en línea. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00343-8
Byrne, B. M. (2008). Testing for Multigroup Equivalence of a Measuring Instrument. Psicothema, 20(4), 872–882. Recuperado de https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=72720455
Cho, E. (2016). Making Reliability Reliable. Organizational Research Methods, 19(4), 651–682. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116656239
Chong, M. Y., Wang, W. C., Hsieh, W. C., Lee, C. Y., Chiu, N. M., Yeh, W. C., … Chen, C. L. (2004). Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.2.127
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2000). Evolutionary psychology and the emotions. En M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.). Handbook of emotions (pp. 91-115). New York: Guilford Press.
Eales, M. J. (1988). Depression and anxiety in unemployed men. Psychological Medicine, 18(4), 935–945. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700009867
Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life (2da ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Elovainio, M., Hakulinen, C., Pulkki-Råback, L., Virtanen, M., Josefsson, K., Jokela, M., … Kivimäki, M. (2017). Contribution of risk factors to excess mortality in isolated and lonely individuals: an analysis of data from the UK Biobank cohort study. The Lancet Public Health, 2(6), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30075-0
Gobierno del Perú (2020. Anuncio de decreto supremo que declara estado de emergencia nacional para hacer frente al coronavirus. Recuperado de https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/566444/Mensaje_a_la_Naci%C3%B3n_15-03-20.pdf
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Instituto Peruano de Economía (2020). Informe IPE VIII: Impacto del COVID-19 en la economía peruana. Recuperado de https://www.ipe.org.pe/portal/informe-ipe-viii-impacto-del-covid-19-en-la-economia-peruana/
Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2002). Investigación del Comportamiento: Métodos de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales. México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus anxiety scale : A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
Levin, J. (2019). Psychiatry of Pandemics. En D. Huremovié (Ed.), Psychiatry of Pandemics (pp. 127–141). Suiza: Springer
Liu, N., Zhang, F., Wei, C., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., & Sun, L. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Research, 112921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921
Markowitz, J. (2020). Virtual treatment and social distancing. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(5), 388–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30140-1
Matthews, T., Danese, A., Caspi, A., Fisher, H. L., Goldman-Mellor, S., Kepa, A., … Arseneault, L. (2019). Lonely young adults in modern Britain: Findings from an epidemiological cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 49(2), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718000788
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Mehmetoglu, M., & Jakobsen, T. G. (2016). Applied statistics using Stata: A guide for the social sciences. Londres: Sage.
Ministerio de Salud (2018). Lineamientos de política sectorial en salud mental. Recuperado de http://bvs.minsa.gob.pe/local/MINSA/4629.pdf
Ministerio de Salud (2020). Situación a nivel mundial del COVID-19, al 18 de mayo 2020. Recuperado de https://www.dge.gob.pe/portal/docs/tools/coronavirus/coronavirus180520.pdf
Muñiz, J., Elosua, P., & Hambleton, R. K. (2013). Directrices para la traducción y adaptación de los tests: Segunda edición. Psicothema, 25(2), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.24
Ohman, A. (2000). Fear and anxiety: Evolutionary, cognitive, and clinical perspectives. En M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.). Handbook of emotions. New York: Guilford Press.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Preguntas y respuestas sobre la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). Recuperado de https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/q-a-coronaviruses
Pelzer, B., Schaffrath, S., & Vernaleken, I. (2014). Coping with unemployment: The impact of unemployment on mental health, personality, and social interaction skills. Work, 48(2), 289–295. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-131626
Pendergast, L. L., von der Embse, N., Kilgus, S. P., & Eklund, K. R. (2017). Measurement equivalence: A non-technical primer on categorical multi-group confirmatory factor analysis in school psychology. Journal of School Psychology, 60, 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2016.11.002
Ren, S. Y., Gao, R. D., & Chen, Y. L. (2020). Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in controlling the corona virus disease 2019 epidemic. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 8(4), 652–657. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v8.i4.652
Rossi, R., Socci, V., Talevi, D., Mensi, S., Niolu, C., Pacitti, F., … Lorenzo, G. Di. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures impact on mental health among the general population in Italy. An N=18147 web-based survey. MedRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20057802
Rubin, G. J., & Wessely, S. (2020). The psychological effects of quarantining a city. British Medical Journal, 368, 313. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m313
Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the Use, the Misuse, and the Very Limited Usefulness of Cronbach’s Alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0
Stuckler, D., Basu, S., Suhrcke, M., Coutts, A., & McKee, M. (2009). The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: an empirical analysis. The Lancet, 374, 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61124-7
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., & Ho, C. S. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., … Peng, Z. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(11), 1061–1069. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585
Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., … Hoven, C. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: Exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 302–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504
Yao, H., Chen, J. H., & Xu, Y. F. (2020). Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0
Yip, P. S. F., Cheung, Y. T., Chau, P. H., & Law, Y. W. (2010). The impact of epidemic outbreak: The case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and suicide among older adults in Hong Kong. Crisis, 31(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000015
Copyright (c) 2020 Interacciones
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright and give the journal the right of the first publication and that they can edit it, reproduce it, distribute it, exhibit it and communicate it in the country and abroad through printed and digital media.
The digital version of the journal is registered under a Creative Commons license (Under Creative Commons License): Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Therefore, this work can be reproduced, distributed and publicly communicated in digital format, provided that the names of the authors and Interacciones.
Therefore, it is established that authors can make other independent and additional behavioural agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (eg, include it in institutional repositories or publish it in a book) as long as it is clearly indicated that the work was published for the first time in this journal.